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Thali

🇮🇳 The food of India

169 dishes from India, best known first, across 60 cities and regions.

Indian cooking brings together a huge range of regional and religious traditions, shaped by centuries of trade, migration, and local crops. Meals center on grains like rice or wheat, paired with lentils, vegetables, and carefully chosen spices. Distinctive techniques and a deep vegetarian tradition set it apart from other world cuisines.

  • Lentils and pulses are used in many forms, including whole, split, or dehusked.
  • Two unique techniques: frying spice pastes and adding fried spices to dishes.
  • Street foods like vada pav, kati rolls, and idli vary by city.
  • Vegetarianism is widespread, especially in Gujarat and among Jains.
  • Festival foods include sweets like kheer, halwa, and puran poli.

The cooking of India

Indian food is shaped by thousands of years of cultural exchange, migration, and religious practice. Its character comes from the interplay of local grains, lentils, and vegetables, with a wide palette of spices such as turmeric, cumin, and cardamom. Cooking methods range from slow stewing to frying spice pastes or adding fried spices to finished dishes. The cuisine is known for its regional variety, from coconut-rich southern stews to wheat-based breads in the north. Vegetarianism is widespread, influenced by Hindu, Jain, and Buddhist beliefs, while Muslim and Christian communities contribute their own dishes. Food is often prepared with simple tools, but the process can be labor-intensive, involving grinding and blending.

Staple foods in India

Core foods are rice, wheat (often as flatbreads), and lentils, with pulses like mung, pigeon pea, and black gram used in many forms. Oils vary by region: coconut in the south, mustard in the east, peanut in the north and west. Spices are essential, with each region using its own blends. Vegetables, pickles, and dairy products like yogurt are common accompaniments.

Snacks and street food in India

Street food is highly regional. In Mumbai, vada pav (a spiced potato fritter in a bun) is popular. Kolkata is known for kati rolls, which wrap spiced fillings in flatbread. Chennai’s streets offer idli (steamed rice cakes) with sambar (a lentil stew). Delhi’s Muslim heritage brings kebabs and other meat snacks.

From region to region in India

Northern India favors wheat breads, lentils, and dishes cooked with the dum pukht technique, where food is sealed and slow-cooked. Kashmir is known for rich meat dishes. Western India features vegetarian stews and sweets, with Goan food blending Indian and Portuguese influences. The east relies on rice, fish, and mustard, while the south uses rice, coconut, and steaming. Each region’s climate and dominant religion shape its food.

Festival and religious food in India

Festivals bring special foods. During Diwali, sweets like kheer (rice pudding) and halwa are made. Holi sees puran poli (sweet stuffed bread) and gujia (sweet dumplings). For religious offerings, food is presented to deities and then shared as prasāda. Fasting days allow only certain foods, such as dairy, fruits, and starchy roots.

Where this page comes from

The facts in this overview come from the Wikipedia article "Indian cuisine", written by its contributors and used under the CC BY-SA 4.0 licence. Thali rewrote the text in its own words, with AI assistance, and compares every page with the article to make sure no passage is copied. It may be reused under the same CC BY-SA 4.0 licence with a link back.

Cities and regions of India

Kerala 11Tamil Nadu 9Maharashtra 7Odisha 7Punjab 7Delhi 6Gujarat 6Hyderabad 6Kolkata 6Karnataka 5Mumbai 5West Bengal 5Andhra Pradesh 4Bihar 4Goa 4South India 4Uttar Pradesh 4Lucknow 3Madurai 3Assam 2Bhopal 2Chennai 2Dharwad 2Jharkhand 2Kochi 2Kozhikode 2Malabar 2Mathura 2Nabadwip 2New Delhi 2Pune 2Rajasthan 2Sikkim 2Tripura 2Udupi 2Uttarakhand 2Ahmedabad 1Ahmednagar 1Arunachal Pradesh 1Aurangabad 1Awadh 1Basirhat 1Bengal 1Bhatkal 1Bhuj 1Braj 1Chikmagalur 1Chinta Valley 1Darjeeling 1Doda 1eastern Uttar Pradesh 1Ghaziabad 1Guptipara 1Himachal Pradesh 1Jabalpur 1Jammu 1Jaunpur 1Kakinada 1Kashmir 1Keralam 1
MealBreakfastLunchTea timeDinnerSupperSnacks
KindMain dishStreet foodSoupStew or curryRice dishNoodle or pasta dishDumplingBreadGrill or roastSandwich or wrapPie or savoury pastrySalad or sideCheese or dairy foodSausage or cured foodSauce, pickle or fermentSweet or dessertDrink
DietVegetarianVeganFish and seafoodMeat
Halvaحَلَاوَة 🇮🇷 Iran and 5 moreDense sweet made from seeds, grains, or vegetables, found across Asia, Africa, and Europe Sweet or dessert, Snacks, Tea time Samosa 🇮🇳 India and 5 moreFried or baked pastry with a spiced filling, shaped into triangles or cones Pie or savoury pastry, Snacks, Lunch JalebiVegetarian 🇮🇳 India and 6 moreDeep-fried spirals of batter soaked in syrup, enjoyed across Asia and Africa Pie or savoury pastry, Breakfast, Snacks Bhel puriVegan 🇮🇳 IndiaPuffed rice snack tossed with chutneys, sev and crisp puris, sold on Mumbai streets Street food, Snacks, Tea time Jolpan 🇮🇳 IndiaAssamese breakfast snacks of rice, pitha, and sweets, often served with tea or curd Sweet or dessert, Breakfast, Snacks Pakoraपकोड़ा 🇮🇳 India and 5 moreVegetables or other fillings coated in spiced gram flour batter and deep-fried Street food, Snacks, Tea time MacaronVegetarian 🇫🇷 France and 5 moreAlmond meringue sandwich cookie with a creamy or jam filling Sweet or dessert, Snacks, Tea time Masala chaiVegetarianचाय 🇮🇳 India and 2 moreBlack tea brewed with milk, spices and sugar, served hot across India Drink, Breakfast, Tea time RasgullaVegetarian 🇮🇳 India and 2 moreSoft chhena balls simmered in light sugar syrup Sweet or dessert, Snacks, Tea time Christmas cake 🇬🇧 United Kingdom and 5 moreCakes served at Christmas, often rich with fruit, nuts or cream Sweet or dessert, Tea time, Snacks MalpuaVegetarian 🇮🇳 India and 3 moreSweet deep-fried pancakes from the Indian subcontinent, often dipped in syrup Sweet or dessert, Breakfast, Snacks KhajaVegetarian𑂎𑂔𑂳𑂩𑂲 🇮🇳 IndiaCrisp, layered pastry deep-fried and soaked in sugar syrup Sweet or dessert, Snacks, Tea time KozhukattaVegetarianകൊഴുക്കട്ട (Malayalam), கொழுகட்டை (Tamil) 🇮🇳 India and 1 moreSteamed rice flour dumplings filled with sweet coconut and jaggery Sweet or dessert, Breakfast, Snacks NankhataiVegetarian 🇮🇳 India and 4 moreShortbread biscuit from the Indian subcontinent made with flour and semolina Sweet or dessert, Snacks, Tea time SandeshVegetarianসন্দেশ 🇮🇳 India and 1 moreBengali sweet made from chhena and sugar, often shaped and flavoured Sweet or dessert, Snacks, Tea time Cucumber sandwichVegetarian 🇬🇧 United Kingdom and 1 moreThin cucumber slices between buttered bread, a classic for British afternoon tea Sandwich or wrap, Tea time, Snacks KhakhraVegan 🇮🇳 IndiaCrisp, thin flatbread from western India, often eaten as a snack or breakfast Bread, Breakfast, Snacks Dharwad pedaVegetarianಧಾರವಾಡ ಪೇಡ 🇮🇳 IndiaSweet milk fudge from Dharwad, Karnataka, made with buffalo milk and sugar Sweet or dessert, Snacks, Tea time

Photo credits on this page

The small pictures above come from Wikimedia Commons under free licences. Some are cropped to fit.

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