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Thali

🇮🇳 The food of India

169 dishes from India, best known first, across 60 cities and regions.

Indian cooking brings together a huge range of regional and religious traditions, shaped by centuries of trade, migration, and local crops. Meals center on grains like rice or wheat, paired with lentils, vegetables, and carefully chosen spices. Distinctive techniques and a deep vegetarian tradition set it apart from other world cuisines.

  • Lentils and pulses are used in many forms, including whole, split, or dehusked.
  • Two unique techniques: frying spice pastes and adding fried spices to dishes.
  • Street foods like vada pav, kati rolls, and idli vary by city.
  • Vegetarianism is widespread, especially in Gujarat and among Jains.
  • Festival foods include sweets like kheer, halwa, and puran poli.

The cooking of India

Indian food is shaped by thousands of years of cultural exchange, migration, and religious practice. Its character comes from the interplay of local grains, lentils, and vegetables, with a wide palette of spices such as turmeric, cumin, and cardamom. Cooking methods range from slow stewing to frying spice pastes or adding fried spices to finished dishes. The cuisine is known for its regional variety, from coconut-rich southern stews to wheat-based breads in the north. Vegetarianism is widespread, influenced by Hindu, Jain, and Buddhist beliefs, while Muslim and Christian communities contribute their own dishes. Food is often prepared with simple tools, but the process can be labor-intensive, involving grinding and blending.

Staple foods in India

Core foods are rice, wheat (often as flatbreads), and lentils, with pulses like mung, pigeon pea, and black gram used in many forms. Oils vary by region: coconut in the south, mustard in the east, peanut in the north and west. Spices are essential, with each region using its own blends. Vegetables, pickles, and dairy products like yogurt are common accompaniments.

Snacks and street food in India

Street food is highly regional. In Mumbai, vada pav (a spiced potato fritter in a bun) is popular. Kolkata is known for kati rolls, which wrap spiced fillings in flatbread. Chennai’s streets offer idli (steamed rice cakes) with sambar (a lentil stew). Delhi’s Muslim heritage brings kebabs and other meat snacks.

From region to region in India

Northern India favors wheat breads, lentils, and dishes cooked with the dum pukht technique, where food is sealed and slow-cooked. Kashmir is known for rich meat dishes. Western India features vegetarian stews and sweets, with Goan food blending Indian and Portuguese influences. The east relies on rice, fish, and mustard, while the south uses rice, coconut, and steaming. Each region’s climate and dominant religion shape its food.

Festival and religious food in India

Festivals bring special foods. During Diwali, sweets like kheer (rice pudding) and halwa are made. Holi sees puran poli (sweet stuffed bread) and gujia (sweet dumplings). For religious offerings, food is presented to deities and then shared as prasāda. Fasting days allow only certain foods, such as dairy, fruits, and starchy roots.

Where this page comes from

The facts in this overview come from the Wikipedia article "Indian cuisine", written by its contributors and used under the CC BY-SA 4.0 licence. Thali rewrote the text in its own words, with AI assistance, and compares every page with the article to make sure no passage is copied. It may be reused under the same CC BY-SA 4.0 licence with a link back.

Cities and regions of India

Kerala 11Tamil Nadu 9Maharashtra 7Odisha 7Punjab 7Delhi 6Gujarat 6Hyderabad 6Kolkata 6Karnataka 5Mumbai 5West Bengal 5Andhra Pradesh 4Bihar 4Goa 4South India 4Uttar Pradesh 4Lucknow 3Madurai 3Assam 2Bhopal 2Chennai 2Dharwad 2Jharkhand 2Kochi 2Kozhikode 2Malabar 2Mathura 2Nabadwip 2New Delhi 2Pune 2Rajasthan 2Sikkim 2Tripura 2Udupi 2Uttarakhand 2Ahmedabad 1Ahmednagar 1Arunachal Pradesh 1Aurangabad 1Awadh 1Basirhat 1Bengal 1Bhatkal 1Bhuj 1Braj 1Chikmagalur 1Chinta Valley 1Darjeeling 1Doda 1eastern Uttar Pradesh 1Ghaziabad 1Guptipara 1Himachal Pradesh 1Jabalpur 1Jammu 1Jaunpur 1Kakinada 1Kashmir 1Keralam 1
MealBreakfastLunchTea timeDinnerSupperSnacks
KindMain dishStreet foodSoupStew or curryRice dishNoodle or pasta dishDumplingBreadGrill or roastSandwich or wrapPie or savoury pastrySalad or sideCheese or dairy foodSausage or cured foodSauce, pickle or fermentSweet or dessertDrink
DietVegetarianVeganFish and seafoodMeat
Kebabكَبَاب‎ 🇹🇷 Turkey and 5 moreGrilled or roasted meat, often on skewers, found across the Middle East and beyond Main dish, Lunch, Dinner Samosa 🇮🇳 India and 5 moreFried or baked pastry with a spiced filling, shaped into triangles or cones Pie or savoury pastry, Snacks, Lunch Biryani 🇮🇳 India and 5 moreRice and spiced meat or vegetables layered and cooked together Main dish, Lunch, Dinner Naanनान 🇮🇳 India and 5 moreLeavened flatbread baked in a tandoor or on a pan, soft and spotted with golden brown Bread, Lunch, Dinner Fish and chipsFish or seafood 🇬🇧 United Kingdom and 8 moreBattered fried fish served hot with thick-cut chips Main dish, Lunch, Dinner Rice pudding 🇮🇳 India and 4 moreSweetened rice cooked in milk, found in many forms worldwide Sweet or dessert, Breakfast, Lunch ChapatiVeganचपाती 🇮🇳 India and 4 moreUnleavened flatbread cooked on a griddle and served hot with meals Bread, Breakfast, Lunch BreadfruitVegan 🇵🇭 Philippines and 4 moreLarge tropical fruit cooked as a starchy staple in many island cuisines Main dish, Lunch, Dinner RaitaVegetarianरायता 🇮🇳 India and 3 moreYogurt mixed with vegetables, fruit or pulses, served as a cooling side dish Sauce, pickle or ferment, Lunch, Dinner MahaprasadVegetarianମହାପ୍ରସାଦ 🇮🇳 IndiaSanctified vegetarian food served at the Jagannath Temple in Puri, Odisha Main dish, Lunch, Dinner RajmaVegetarian 🇮🇳 India and 2 moreKidney beans stewed with spices, often served with rice in North India and Nepal Main dish, Lunch, Dinner SadyaVegetarianസദ്യ 🇮🇳 IndiaA festive vegetarian feast from Kerala, served on a banana leaf Main dish, Lunch Misalमिसळ 🇮🇳 IndiaSpicy sprouted bean curry layered with toppings, served hot with bread Main dish, Breakfast, Snacks MeatballMeat 🇮🇹 Italy and 5 moreGround meat shaped into balls and cooked by frying, baking, or braising in sauce Main dish, Lunch, Dinner Pickled cucumberVegan 🇺🇸 United States and 5 moreCucumbers preserved in brine or vinegar, enjoyed worldwide in many styles Sauce, pickle or ferment, Lunch, Dinner PapadamVegan 🇮🇳 India and 4 moreThin, crisp flatbread made from lentil or other flours, served as a snack or side Bread, Lunch, Dinner DosaVegetarianದೋಸೆ 🇮🇳 India and 3 moreA thin, fermented rice and lentil pancake from South India, served hot with chutney and sambar Main dish, Breakfast, Lunch Chicken tikka masalaMeat 🇬🇧 United Kingdom and 4 moreRoasted marinated chicken in a creamy, spiced tomato-based sauce Main dish, Lunch, Dinner Croquette 🇫🇷 France and 5 moreA deep-fried roll with a creamy or starchy filling, coated in breadcrumbs Street food, Snacks, Lunch DalVeganदाल 🇮🇳 India and 5 moreSoupy dish made from split lentils, peas or beans, a staple across South Asia Main dish, Lunch, Dinner Paratha 🇮🇳 India and 5 moreLayered flatbread from the Indian subcontinent, often fried and sometimes stuffed Bread, Breakfast, Lunch Roti 🇮🇳 India and 5 moreUnleavened flatbread made from whole-wheat flour, common across South Asia and beyond Bread, Breakfast, Lunch Momo 🇳🇵 Nepal and 3 moreSteamed dumplings filled with meat or vegetables, served with spicy sauces Dumpling, Lunch, Dinner Tandoori chickenMeat 🇮🇳 India and 2 moreChicken marinated in yogurt and spices, roasted in a clay oven Main dish, Lunch, Dinner VindalooMeat 🇮🇳 India and 2 moreA spicy curry of meat, vinegar and chili from Goa, now found worldwide Main dish, Lunch, Dinner Lentil soupVegan 🇪🇬 Egypt and 5 moreA hearty soup made from lentils, often with vegetables and spices Soup, Lunch, Dinner Butter chickenMeatमुर्ग़ मक्खनी 🇮🇳 India and 5 moreChicken in a rich, creamy tomato and butter sauce Main dish, Lunch, Dinner Korma 🇮🇳 India and 4 moreA rich curry of meat or vegetables simmered in yogurt and spices Stew or curry, Lunch, Dinner Chow mein炒麵 🇨🇳 China and 5 moreStir-fried noodles with vegetables and often meat or tofu Noodle or pasta dish, Lunch, Dinner SambarVegetarian 🇮🇳 IndiaA South Indian lentil and vegetable stew soured with tamarind Stew or curry, Breakfast, Lunch KhichdiVegetarian 🇮🇳 India and 4 moreRice and lentils cooked together, often with vegetables and spices Main dish, Breakfast, Lunch Dumpling 🇨🇳 China and 5 morePieces of dough, plain or filled, cooked by boiling, steaming or frying Main dish, Breakfast, Lunch Chicken tikkaMeat 🇵🇰 Pakistan and 2 moreBoneless chicken pieces marinated in yogurt and spices, cooked in a tandoor oven Main dish, Lunch, Dinner Chana masalaVegan 🇮🇳 India and 1 moreChickpeas simmered in a spiced tomato and onion sauce Main dish, Lunch, Dinner RasamVeganரசம் 🇮🇳 IndiaA spiced, tangy South Indian soup served hot with rice Soup, Lunch, Dinner Palak paneerVegetarian 🇮🇳 IndiaPaneer cheese cubes in a spiced spinach purée Main dish, Lunch, Dinner Roast chickenMeat 🇺🇸 United States and 5 moreWhole chicken roasted over heat or fire, served in many styles worldwide Main dish, Lunch, Dinner Pav bhajiVegetarianपाव भाजी 🇮🇳 IndiaSpiced mashed vegetable curry served with buttered bread rolls Main dish, Lunch, Dinner Masala dosaVegetarian 🇮🇳 IndiaSouth Indian rice-lentil crepe filled with spiced potato Main dish, Breakfast, Lunch HaleemMeat 🇮🇳 India and 7 moreA slow-cooked stew of wheat, lentils, meat and spices Stew or curry, Breakfast, Lunch Aloo gobiVegetarianआलू गोभी 🇮🇳 India and 2 morePotato and cauliflower cooked with turmeric and spices Main dish, Lunch, Dinner Hyderabadi biryani 🇮🇳 IndiaBasmati rice and spiced meat cooked together in the Hyderabad style Main dish, Lunch, Dinner Dal bhatVegetarian 🇳🇵 Nepal and 2 moreLentil soup served with plain rice, a staple meal across South Asia Main dish, Lunch, Dinner MurtabakMeatمُطَبَّق 🇾🇪 Yemen and 5 moreA stuffed, folded pancake or flatbread with savoury or sweet fillings Main dish, Lunch, Dinner Dal makhaniVegetarian 🇮🇳 India and 1 moreCreamy black lentils slow-cooked with butter and spices Main dish, Lunch, Dinner DhoklaVegetarian 🇮🇳 IndiaSteamed, spongy savoury cake from Gujarat made with fermented lentil and rice batter Main dish, Breakfast, Lunch NihariMeat 🇮🇳 India and 2 moreSlow-cooked meat stew from the Indian subcontinent, served hot with bread or rice Stew or curry, Breakfast, Lunch Chole bhatureVegetarian 🇮🇳 IndiaChickpea curry served with deep-fried, puffy bread Main dish, Breakfast, Lunch
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Photo credits on this page

The small pictures above come from Wikimedia Commons under free licences. Some are cropped to fit.

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